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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Utilizing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Language Function in Stroke Patients with Chronic Non-fluent Aphasia
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Short-term modulation of the lesioned language network.

Gesa Hartwigsen1, Anika Stockert2, Louise Charpentier1

  • 1Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Elife
|March 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The brain

Keywords:
compensationhumanlanguageneuroscienceplasticityreorganizationstrokevirtual lesion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurolinguistics

Background:

  • Large-scale brain networks support language function.
  • Stroke frequently impairs language abilities and network dynamics.
  • The brain's capacity for compensation following lesions remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the adaptive potential of right hemisphere upregulation for language recovery after stroke.
  • Examine short-term brain reorganization in individuals with left temporo-parietal lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Applied 'virtual lesions' to the left anterior or posterior inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in post-stroke patients.
  • Utilized functional neuroimaging to assess brain activity and network dynamics.
  • Correlated individual response delays with neural upregulation and white matter tract integrity.

Main Results:

  • Perturbing the posterior IFG specifically delayed phonological processing and reduced related brain activity.
  • Individual response delays correlated with increased activity in homologous brain regions, suggesting compensation.
  • Intact right superior longitudinal fascicle tracts were linked to reduced disruption of language function.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated functional and structural evidence for plasticity within the lesioned language network.
  • Provided support for a compensatory role of the right hemisphere in language recovery post-stroke.
  • Highlighted the potential for targeted interventions to leverage brain plasticity.