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New trends in single-molecule bioanalytical detection.

Eleonora Macchia1, Kyriaki Manoli2, Cincia Di Franco2,3

  • 1Center for Functional materials, The Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|March 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Single-molecule sensing advances precision medicine by enabling ultrasensitive biomarker detection in biofluids. New label-free technologies offer low-cost, scalable solutions for early diagnostics.

Keywords:
Organic bioelectronic electrolyte-gated large transistorsOrganic bioelectronicsSingle-molecule bioanalytical technologies

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single-molecule sensing is crucial for advancing precision medicine and everyday clinical practice.
  • Current methods for ultrasensitive, label-free biofluid analysis are limited.
  • Existing platforms like fluorescent microscopy and nanotransducers often detect at nanomolar concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of significant single-molecule bioanalytical technologies.
  • To highlight sensing principles, limits of detection, and operational capabilities in biofluids.
  • To discuss emerging trends in label-free, ultrasensitive detection for diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of single-molecule sensing platforms including optical, plasmonic, and electrical methods.
  • Analysis of label-based technologies using microbeads and optical transduction.
  • Examination of label-free organic bioelectronic transistors for protein detection.

Main Results:

  • Label-based technologies achieve ultralow detection limits in real biofluids.
  • Label-free organic transistors demonstrate protein detection at the physical limit in bovine serum.
  • Emerging technologies aim for zeptomolar detection levels with potential for low-cost production.

Conclusions:

  • Single-molecule sensing technologies are revolutionizing early diagnostics.
  • Label-free, scalable devices hold promise for cost-effective, high-sensitivity biofluid analysis.
  • Advancements pave the way for widespread adoption of precision medicine.