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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
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Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables01:28

Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables

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Body:Biologics, derived from living sources such as humans, animals, or microorganisms, represent a significant category of pharmaceuticals. These complex molecules, developed through advanced biotechnological methods or purified from natural sources, include essential medical treatments like insulin and growth hormones. The complexity of biologics arises from their large molecular structures and the intricate processes required for their production, making them distinct from conventional...
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Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation
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Macromolecules and Antibody-Based Drugs.

Xiao-Dong Su1, Yao Shuai2

  • 1Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. xdsu@pku.edu.cn.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Macromolecule and antibody drugs offer powerful new treatments for previously incurable diseases, improving patient survival and quality of life. Research continues to advance these therapies, with significant recent progress in immunotherapy.

Keywords:
Antibody drugsEngineered antibody-based drugsImmune checkpointImmunotherapyMacromolecule drugs

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Macromolecule and antibody drugs have emerged as potent therapeutic agents over the past two decades.
  • These advanced therapies offer improved efficacy and reduced side effects for various diseases, enhancing patient outcomes.
  • The approval rates of macromolecules and antibody drugs by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have shown a significant upward trend.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current landscape of macromolecule and antibody drug development.
  • To highlight the advancements and efforts in discovering and manufacturing improved antibody-based therapeutics.
  • To contextualize the impact of immunotherapy, recognized by the 2017 Nobel Prize.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in macromolecule and antibody drug research.
  • Analysis of FDA approval trends for macromolecule and antibody drugs.
  • Synthesis of information on scientific and industrial efforts in drug discovery and manufacturing.

Main Results:

  • Macromolecule and antibody drugs are increasingly approved, demonstrating their growing importance in medicine.
  • The discovery of immune checkpoints has notably accelerated the development of these therapies.
  • These drugs provide hope and improved treatment options for patients with previously untreatable conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Macromolecule and antibody drugs represent a rapidly advancing frontier in medical therapy.
  • Continued scientific and industrial innovation is crucial for developing next-generation antibody drugs.
  • The field holds significant promise for addressing unmet medical needs and improving global health outcomes.