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Malaysian Child Restraint Issues: A Brief Narrative Review
Roszalina Ramli1, Siti Salmiah Mohd Yunus1
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
Summary
Child restraint system (CRS) use in Malaysia is low, with only 27% reported usage before the 2020 law. Injuries to unrestrained children are a significant concern, highlighting the need for increased awareness and data management.
Area of Science:
- Road safety research
- Pediatric injury epidemiology
- Public health policy
Background:
- Child restraint legislation in Malaysia became mandatory on January 1, 2020.
- Pre-legislation surveys indicated low parental awareness (36%) and usage (27%) of child restraint systems (CRS).
- Children in private vehicles represented leading casualty groups for ages 1-4 (43.8%) and 5-9 (30.2%).
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of child restraint system (CRS) use in Malaysia.
- To evaluate injuries sustained by unrestrained children.
- To assess Malaysia's preparedness for implementing child restraint legislation.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar.
- Keywords included: child restraint system, unrestrained injuries, Malaysia, and epidemiology.
- Included six prevalence papers, one injury paper, and six newspaper articles.
Main Results:
- Reported CRS usage prevalence ranged from 5% to 41.8%.
- A study of 19 children in car crashes found 52.6% sustained craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries, and 26.3% had non-CMF injuries.
- Injury Severity Score (ISS) ranged from 0 to 13 (median 1.00).
Conclusions:
- Malaysia's preparation for child restraint law compliance is ongoing, particularly concerning low-income families.
- Scarcity of data on CRS use and non-usage injuries necessitates robust public education and data management.
- Regular monitoring by road safety authorities is crucial alongside legislative implementation.
