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Factors affecting embryo production in superovulated Bos taurus cattle
M Mikkola1, J F Hasler2, J Taponen3
1Geno SA, Store Ree AI Station, Ekebergveien 54, 2335 Stange, Norway; and University of Helsinki, Department of Production Animal Medicine, FIN-04920 Saarentaus, Finland; and Corresponding author.
Reproduction, Fertility, and Development
|March 20, 2020
Summary
Superovulation remains a key method for cattle embryo production, with protocols and donor factors significantly impacting success. Understanding these elements is crucial for effective bovine reproduction strategies.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology
- Animal science
- Veterinary medicine
Background:
- Bovine superovulation has a long history, becoming a primary tool for cattle embryo production from the 1970s until the early 1990s.
- While in vitro production (IVP) is now widespread, traditional superovulation and embryo flushing remain highly effective for commercial cattle embryo generation.
Observation:
- Superovulation protocols are diverse, influenced by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) source, diluents, injection timing, and the use of prostaglandins, progesterone devices, and GnRH.
- Follicular development and ovulation can be managed through various pre-FSH programming protocols.
- Oocyte yield can be estimated using ultrasound or anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) blood levels.
Findings:
- Efficacy of superovulation is influenced by numerous animal-related factors including breed, age, parity, genetics, lactation, and reproductive history.
- Environmental and management factors such as nutrition, stress, season, climate, and weather also play a role.
- Semen factors can also impact superovulation outcomes.
Implications:
- Optimizing superovulation protocols requires careful consideration of both procedural variations and individual donor characteristics.
- Further research into managing influencing factors can enhance the efficiency and commercial viability of bovine embryo production.
- This review provides a comprehensive overview for researchers and practitioners in cattle breeding and reproduction.
