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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Inherited thyroid tumours.

Dillwyn Williams1

  • 1University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. dillwyn@gmail.com.

Endocrine
|March 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Clarifying inherited thyroid tumors is crucial, as some familial non-medullary thyroid cancers are actually benign tumors with malignant potential. Each inherited thyroid tumor type requires distinct classification and management.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Inherited thyroid tumors are a complex group requiring precise definition.
  • The term Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FNMTC) is often overused, encompassing distinct entities.
  • Some conditions classified under FNMTC are benign inherited tumors with malignant progression risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and clarify the classification of inherited thyroid tumors.
  • To differentiate between syndromic and non-syndromic inherited thyroid tumors of follicular cell origin.
  • To emphasize the need for treating each inherited thyroid tumor as a separate entity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of inherited thyroid tumor classifications.
  • Detailed discussion of one syndromic and one non-syndromic inherited thyroid tumor.

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  • Comparative analysis of tumor characteristics and risks.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified ambiguity in current FNMTC terminology.
    • Highlighted distinct clinical and genetic features of syndromic and non-syndromic inherited thyroid tumors.
    • Demonstrated that benign inherited tumors pose a risk of malignant transformation.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate classification of inherited thyroid tumors is essential for appropriate patient management.
    • Syndromic and non-syndromic inherited thyroid tumors necessitate individual diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
    • Distinguishing benign inherited tumors with malignant potential from true malignancies is critical.