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Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Dextrin Nanocomposites as Matrices for Solid Dosage Forms.

Justin Phillips1, Jaco-Louis Venter1, Maria Atanasova1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 20, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel nanocomposite carrier for water-insoluble acaricides. This dextrin-based material, enhanced with stearic acid and cellulose nanofibers, ensures rapid pesticide release in aquatic environments, improving acaricide application safety.

Keywords:
acaricide, themoplastic starchcellulose nanofibersdextrinlayered double hydroxide, solid dosage form

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Effective delivery of water-insoluble acaricides in aquatic environments necessitates rapid release from solid dosage forms.
  • Dextrin, a starch derivative, is a potential matrix material, but its retrogradation (crystallization) must be managed.
  • Nanofillers can potentially inhibit dextrin retrogradation and improve material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize dextrin-based nanocomposites as carriers for water-insoluble acaricides.
  • To investigate the effect of nanofillers (layered double hydroxide, cellulose nanofibers, stearic acid) on dextrin retrogradation.
  • To evaluate the release rate and particle size of an acaricide (Amitraz) from the optimized nanocomposite carrier.

Main Methods:

  • Glycerol-plasticized thermoplastic dextrin-based nanocomposites were prepared using twin-screw extrusion-compounding.
  • Nanofillers included layered double hydroxide (LDH), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and stearic acid.
  • Time-dependent retrogradation was monitored using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA).
  • Release rates of Amitraz from the selected nanocomposite were measured.

Main Results:

  • Composites with stearic acid exhibited stable crystallinity during aging due to amylose-lipid complex formation, inhibiting retrogradation.
  • A nanocomposite containing both stearic acid and CNF proved most effective and was chosen as the acaricide carrier.
  • Fast release rates of Amitraz were achieved with 5, 10, and 20% (w/w) pesticide loading.
  • The high-temperature compounding process significantly reduced the particle size of the released Amitraz.

Conclusions:

  • Thermoplastic dextrin-based nanocomposites, particularly those incorporating stearic acid and CNF, can effectively inhibit retrogradation.
  • The optimized nanocomposite serves as a promising carrier for water-insoluble acaricides, ensuring rapid release and improved application.
  • Extrusion compounding offers a method to control particle size, potentially enhancing acaricide efficacy.