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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Bacteriophage Effectiveness for Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogens Evaluated via High-Throughput Settings
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Phage Cocktail Therapy: Multiple Ways to Suppress Pathogenicity.

Na Liu1, Connor Lewis2, Wenming Zheng1

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China.

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Summary

Phage cocktails effectively control tomato bacterial wilt by infecting and destroying pathogens. This method also selects for less harmful strains and promotes beneficial bacteria, offering a novel approach to plant disease management.

Keywords:
bacterial wilt diseasedisease incidencepathogen densityphage cocktailrhizosphere microbiota

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Microbial ecology
  • Bacteriophage therapy

Background:

  • Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is a devastating disease in tomato production.
  • Conventional control methods often face challenges with pathogen resistance and environmental impact.
  • Bacteriophages (phages) offer a targeted approach to combat bacterial plant pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of phage cocktails in controlling tomato bacterial wilt disease.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying the disease control conferred by phage treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Application of specific phage cocktails to tomato plants exhibiting bacterial wilt symptoms.
  • Monitoring disease incidence and severity.
  • Analyzing pathogen population dynamics and community structure post-treatment.

Main Results:

  • Phage cocktails significantly reduced the occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt.
  • Treatment led to the selection of phage-resistant pathogen strains that exhibited slower growth rates.
  • An increase in beneficial bacterial species antagonistic to the pathogen was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Phage cocktails are a highly effective strategy for managing tomato bacterial wilt.
  • The multifaceted action of phages, including pathogen elimination and modulation of the soil microbiome, contributes to disease suppression.
  • This study highlights the potential of phage therapy as a sustainable agricultural tool.