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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

154.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
154.7K
Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.5K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.5K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

13.9K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

A High-Yield Streptomyces Transcription-Translation Toolkit for Synthetic Biology and Natural Product Applications
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SJS/TEN 2019: From science to translation.

Wan-Chun Chang1, Riichiro Abe2, Paul Anderson3

  • 1Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Journal of Dermatological Science
|March 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are severe skin reactions. International collaboration is crucial for advancing prevention, diagnosis, and management of this rare but serious condition.

Keywords:
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)PharmacogenomicsPharmacovigilanceSevere cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR)Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacovigilance

Background:

  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe, immune-mediated adverse drug reactions.
  • These conditions present with widespread erythema, epidermal necrosis, and mucosal detachment, posing life-threatening risks.
  • SJS/TEN are uncommon but carry a high disease burden, necessitating focused research and improved patient care strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To foster international collaboration and establish a multidisciplinary network for SJS/TEN research and patient care.
  • To translate scientific advancements into practical improvements for SJS/TEN prevention, diagnosis, and management.
  • To facilitate productive discussions among clinicians, researchers, and patients regarding SJS/TEN.

Main Methods:

  • A 1.5-day scientific program, "SJS/TEN 2019: From Science to Translation," was convened.
  • The program brought together diverse stakeholders including clinicians, researchers, and patients.
  • Discussions focused on current research, unmet patient needs, and future collaborative efforts.

Main Results:

  • The meeting successfully engaged a broad range of experts and affected individuals.
  • Productive discussions were held, identifying key areas for research and patient care enhancement.
  • A foundation was laid for developing functional international collaborations and a multidisciplinary network.

Conclusions:

  • Strengthening international collaborations and multidisciplinary networks is essential for addressing the challenges of SJS/TEN.
  • Translating scientific knowledge into clinical practice is vital for improving outcomes in SJS/TEN.
  • Continued engagement between researchers, clinicians, and patients will drive progress in managing this severe condition.