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Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
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Coding-Complete RNA Virus Genomes Assembled from Murine Cecal Metatranscriptomes.

Joshua M A Stough1, Andrew J Beaudoin1, Patrick D Schloss2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated RNA viruses in mouse gut microbiomes, identifying novel astrovirus and mitovirus genomes. This research expands our understanding of gut viral diversity beyond DNA viruses.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Gut microbiome research has primarily focused on DNA viruses, neglecting the RNA virome.
  • RNA viruses play crucial roles in host health and disease but are less characterized in the gut.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the understudied RNA virome within the mouse gut microbiome.
  • To identify and characterize novel RNA viral species in gut metatranscriptomic data.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of previously published mouse gut metatranscriptome assemblies.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify RNA virus sequences.
  • Genome reconstruction and characterization of identified viruses.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of the coding-complete genome of a mouse astrovirus.
  • Identification of five novel mitovirus-like viruses within the gut virome.
  • Demonstration of RNA virus presence in mouse gut samples.

Conclusions:

  • The mouse gut harbors a diverse RNA virome, including novel astrovirus and mitovirus lineages.
  • Metatranscriptomic data is a valuable resource for discovering understudied RNA viruses.
  • Further research is needed to understand the ecological roles of these newly identified RNA viruses.