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Related Concept Videos

Instrument Calibration01:12

Instrument Calibration

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Instrument calibration is essential for ensuring that instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is vital in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Calibration processes are specific to each instrument and help enhance data accuracy. Each instrument has a unique calibration process tailored to its design and function to improve data accuracy.
Analytical Balance Calibration
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Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

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For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb
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Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy; Applications, Standards, and Calibration (With Special Reference to

R W Frei1

  • 1Analytical Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Department Sandoz Ltd., 4002 Basel, Switzerland.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and Chemistry
|March 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is versatile, aiding color measurement and chemical analysis. New calibration methods enable accurate in situ quantification of compounds in chromatography, even at low UV wavelengths.

Keywords:
ChromatographyKubelka-Munk functioncolor matchingcolor measurementdiffuse reflectancereflectancereflectance standardsthin layer chromatography

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a powerful technique with diverse applications, including color measurement and chemical analysis.
  • Traditional applications focus on color matching for quality control of dyes, pigments, and materials.
  • Challenges exist in standardization, particularly for absolute measurements and fluorescing surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the broad applicability of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.
  • To address limitations in standardization and calibration for quantitative analysis, especially in chromatography.
  • To introduce novel methods for in situ quantification of separated compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy applications in colorimetry, adsorption studies, and chromatography.
  • Discussion of challenges with existing standards and calibration functions (e.g., Kubelka-Munk).
  • Presentation of a new calibration technique using transferable calibration factors for chromatographic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is valuable for quality control and basic chemical investigations.
  • A novel calibration technique allows for quantitative evaluation of chromatograms with a single reference spot.
  • In situ quantitative measurements down to 190 nm are achievable for low UV-absorbing compounds on silica gel.

Conclusions:

  • Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy offers a versatile platform for various scientific disciplines.
  • Standardization and calibration remain critical for accurate quantitative analysis.
  • The developed calibration technique enhances the utility of DRS in chromatography for precise compound quantification.