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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Ice Generation and the Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena of Introducing Water to a Cold Bath of Brine
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Multistage and passive cooling process driven by salinity difference.

Matteo Alberghini1,2, Matteo Morciano1,2, Matteo Fasano1

  • 1Department of Energy "Galileo Ferraris", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new device uses salinity gradients to create cooling, offering a sustainable solution for buildings. This technology could meet cooling demands in hot, humid regions without mechanical parts.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Global demand for space cooling is rising due to increased thermal comfort needs.
  • Current cooling technologies face challenges in cost-effectiveness and sustainability.
  • Sustainable and efficient cooling solutions are crucial for mitigating climate change impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a proof-of-concept multistage device for sustainable space cooling.
  • To demonstrate net cooling capacity and temperature difference using salinity gradients.
  • To explore a novel, passive cooling mechanism for buildings.

Main Methods:

  • A multistage device composed of hydrophilic layers and a hydrophobic membrane was developed.
  • The device operates by exploiting the natural vapor flux driven by water activity imbalance between solutions of disparate salinity.
  • No mechanical ancillaries are required for the device's operation.

Main Results:

  • The prototype device achieved a specific cooling capacity of up to 170 W m-2.
  • This cooling capacity was demonstrated at a near-vanishing temperature difference.
  • The system utilizes a 3.1 mol/kg calcium chloride solution.

Conclusions:

  • The developed device offers a promising, passive approach to space cooling.
  • Successful up-scaling could partially address cooling needs in hot, humid regions.
  • The technology leverages naturally available salinity gradients for sustainable cooling.