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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Determining the Toxicity of UV Radiation and Chemicals on Primary and Immortalized Human Corneal Epithelial Cells
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Ocular Cell Lines and Genotoxicity Assessment.

Eliana B Souto1,2, Joana R Campos1, Raquel Da Ana1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|March 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Genotoxicity tests assess DNA damage from compounds. The comet assay, particularly in epithelial cells like those from ocular mucosa, is crucial for evaluating risks from drugs and environmental exposures.

Keywords:
DNA damagecomet assayepithelial cellsocular cells lines

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Genotoxicity screening evaluates compound interactions with DNA.
  • The comet assay quantifies DNA strand breaks, with the alkaline version being standard.
  • Epithelial cells are vital biomatrices for genotoxicity assessment due to their role in many cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genotoxicity assessment methods using the comet assay in epithelial cells.
  • To highlight the significance of ocular cell lines in genotoxicity studies.
  • To describe comet assay procedures for various epithelial samples.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published literature on genotoxicity assessment in epithelial cells.
  • Focus on the comet assay for DNA damage quantification.
  • Description of comet assay protocols for ex vivo and in vivo samples.

Main Results:

  • The comet assay is a sensitive method for predicting DNA damage risk.
  • Epithelial cells are relevant models for drug and environmental exposure assessments.
  • Ocular mucosa is a key area for studying environmental genotoxic impacts.

Conclusions:

  • The comet assay in epithelial cells is valuable for drug safety and human biomonitoring.
  • Genotoxicity assessment in ocular epithelial cells has significant clinical applications.
  • This review consolidates knowledge on comet assay applications in epithelial genotoxicity.