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Published on: September 22, 2015
A Review of 3-Dimensional Skin Bioprinting Techniques: Applications, Approaches, and Trends
Stephanie Ishack1, Shari R Lipner
1Both authors are affiliated with the Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
Background:
Tissue engineering is used to fabricate 3-dimensional (3D) artificial scaffolds to create a microenvironment that mimics human tissue. Bioprinting uses biomaterials, cells, and/or bioink to fabricate prospective scaffolds to mirror the structural, compositional, and functional aspects of the skin. Various bioprinting methods (inkjet-based bioprinting, pressure-assisted bioprinting, and laser-assisted bioprinting) have been used for regenerative wound repair and have been characterized based on biocompatibility, cellular microenvironment, cell proliferation, vitality, and morphology.
Objective:
This article reviews the basic principles of 3D printing, current 3D skin bioprinting applications and approaches, and future directions for regenerative medical skin constructs.
Methods:
A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed with keywords "three-dimensional printing," "dermatologic surgery," "bioprinting," "reconstructive surgical procedures," "wound healing," "skin grafts," "skin scaffolds," "tissue reconstruction," and "tissue engineering."
Results:
A summary of the different applications and 3-dimensional skin bioprinting techniques is presented. In addition, synthetic, natural, and combination polymers are reviewed. Advantages, disadvantages, indications, and approaches are discussed in depth.
Conclusion:
Skin grafting is a dynamic technique of dermal reconstruction that can be successful with comprehensive knowledge of skin bioprinting methods.
