Nitrogen addition increased CO₂ uptake more than non-CO₂ greenhouse gases emissions in a Moso bamboo forest

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition affects the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of ecosystems through the net atmospheric CO₂ exchange and the emission of non-CO₂ GHGs (CH₄ and N₂O). We quantified the effects of N deposition on biomass increment, soil organic carbon (SOC), and N₂O and CH₄ fluxes and, ultimately, the net GHG budget at ecosystem level of a Moso bamboo forest in China. Nitrogen addition significantly increased woody biomass increment and SOC decomposition, increased N₂O emission, and reduced soil CH₄ uptake. Despite higher N₂O and CH₄ fluxes, the ecosystem remained a net GHG sink of 26.8 to 29.4 megagrams of CO₂ equivalent hectare^-1 year^-1 after 4 years of N addition against 22.7 hectare^-1 year^-1 without N addition. The total net carbon benefits induced by atmospheric N deposition at current rates of 30 kilograms of N hectare^-1 year^-1 over Moso bamboo forests across China were estimated to be of 23.8 teragrams of CO₂ equivalent year^-1.