Extrusion-Based Bioprinting: Current Standards and Relevancy for Human-Sized Tissue Fabrication

Area of Science:

• Bioengineering
• Tissue Engineering
• Bioprinting Technology

Background:

• The fabrication of large-scale tissue constructs is a key goal in bioengineering for in vitro and in vivo applications.
• Bioprinting, particularly microextrusion, is emerging as a pivotal manufacturing technique for these complex biological specimens.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of achievements in microextrusion bioprinting for human-sized tissue constructs.
• To identify and discuss the major challenges hindering progress in the field.
• To highlight current research addressing these critical obstacles.

Main Methods:

• Review of microextrusion bioprinter configurations and design characteristics.
• Analysis of nozzle specifications and bioink modifications.
• Discussion of strategies for enhancing long-term cell viability and vascularization.

Main Results:

• Microextrusion bioprinting has demonstrated significant progress in fabricating tissue constructs.
• Challenges remain in achieving adequate cell viability and vascularization for functional tissues.
• Emerging research shows promise in overcoming current limitations.

Conclusions:

• Microextrusion bioprinting is a rapidly advancing field with substantial potential for tissue engineering.
• Addressing cell viability and vascularization are crucial for the clinical translation of bioprinted tissues.
• Continued innovation in printer technology and bioink development is essential for future success.