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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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A typical nerve cell comprises three main components: the cell body, dendrites, and the axon. The cell body, also known as the soma or perikaryon, serves as the central biosynthetic hub housing a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm containing organelles commonly found in most cells. Notably, Nissl bodies, clusters of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes responsible for protein synthesis, are distinctive features of the neuronal cell body. As neurons age, aggregates of a brown pigment...
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Neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system, can be classified based on both their structural and functional characteristics.
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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
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Distinct Developmental Features of Olfactory Bulb Interneurons.

Jae Yeon Kim1, Jiyun Choe1,

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea.

Molecules and Cells
|March 26, 2020
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Summary

The olfactory bulb has many interneurons, but their development and function are poorly understood. This review explores olfactory bulb interneuron diversity and evolutionary significance.

Keywords:
developmentdiversityinterneuronolfactory bulbspatio-temporal specification

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The olfactory bulb (OB) exhibits a unique, evolutionarily conserved abundance of interneurons compared to other brain regions.
  • Despite their prevalence, the diversification and physiological roles of OB interneurons remain less understood than those of cortical interneurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of olfactory bulb interneuron development, focusing on spatial and temporal specifications.
  • To discuss unique features and molecular mechanisms in OB interneuron development.
  • To propose an evolutionary perspective on OB interneuron diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on OB interneuron development.
  • Analysis of spatial and temporal developmental processes.
  • Discussion of molecular machinery involved in OB interneuron differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of OB interneuron developmental processes, including spatial and temporal patterning.
  • Identification of distinct developmental features exclusive to OB interneurons.
  • Highlighting recently identified molecular mechanisms governing OB interneuron development.

Conclusions:

  • OB interneuron development presents unique characteristics compared to other brain regions.
  • Understanding OB interneuron diversity offers insights into evolutionary adaptations.
  • Further research into OB interneuron function is warranted.