Train Your Brain? Can We Really Selectively Train Specific EEG Frequencies With Neurofeedback Training

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biofeedback Research
• Cognitive Enhancement

Background:

• Neurofeedback (NFB) is an operant conditioning technique for self-regulating brain electrical activity (EEG).
• NFB is used for treating pathologies and enhancing cognitive performance in high-demand situations.
• The assumption that NFB training effects are limited to trained EEG frequencies is being challenged.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate if participants can intentionally modify specific electroencephalographic (EEG) frequency power densities.
• To examine the effects of combined heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback and NFB on EEG activity.
• To determine if EEG changes are confined to trained frequencies and training modality.

Main Methods:

• A randomized mixed-design experiment involving two groups: control HRV biofeedback and combined HRV/NFB training.
• Participants received two theoretical lessons followed by a 6-week training period.
• The study tracked the evolution of different EEG frequency bands within and across training sessions.

Main Results:

• All participants demonstrated EEG changes during and across sessions.
• In the combined HRV/NFB group, untrained EEG frequencies were significantly modified, while some trained frequencies were not.
• EEG activity changed in both the HRV and HRV/NFB groups, indicating broader effects than anticipated.

Conclusions:

• EEG changes resulting from biofeedback and neurofeedback training are not strictly limited to the trained frequencies.
• The training modality itself, or its interaction with other physiological processes, can influence untrained EEG bands.
• Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these widespread EEG modifications.