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Polymers

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...

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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Native Cell Membrane Nanoparticles System for Membrane Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis

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Published on: July 16, 2020

Biologically active polymer nanosystems.

E F Panarin^1,2

¹1Institute of High-Molecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, 31 Bol'shoi prosp., 199004 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.

Russian Chemical Bulletin = Izvestiia Akademii Nauk. Seriia Khimicheskaia

|March 28, 2020

Summary

This review covers the synthesis of biologically active nanostructured systems using polymers. Nanoparticle formation, stability, and biological applications like drug delivery and blood substitutes are discussed, highlighting enhanced bioactivity.

Keywords:

DNA hemoglobin nanoparticles polyelectrolyte complexes polyelectrolytes surfactants

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Area of Science:

Polymer Science
Nanotechnology
Biotechnology

Background:

Biologically active nanostructured systems offer advanced therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
Functional and natural polymers are key components in creating these advanced materials.
Understanding nanosystem formation and properties is crucial for optimizing biological activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review methods for synthesizing biologically active nanostructured systems based on polymers.
To discuss the formation, structure, stability, and biological activity of these nanosystems.
To summarize applications including DNA complexation, cellular transport, and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers.

Main Methods:

Review of synthesis strategies for polymer-based nanostructured systems.
Analysis of interactions between polyelectrolytes and surfactants in nanosystem formation.
Examination of nanostructuring techniques for biomolecules like hemoglobin and the use of stabilizers like poly(vinylpyrrolidone).

Main Results:

Nanosystems formed from polyelectrolytes and surfactants exhibit tunable structures and biological activities.
Complexation of DNA with polycations facilitates compaction and cellular delivery.
Nanostructured hemoglobin shows promise as an oxygen-transporting blood substitute.
Nanodisperse silver exhibits enhanced bioactivity compared to bulk silver.

Conclusions:

Polymer-based nanostructured systems represent a versatile platform for various biomedical applications.
The structure and stability of nanosystems are critical determinants of their biological efficacy.
Nanotechnology enables the enhancement of natural material properties, such as the bioactivity of silver.