Microbiological Production of Isocitric Acid from Biodiesel Waste and Its Effect on Spatial Memory

Within this work, the microbial synthesis of (2R,3S)-isocitric acid (ICA), a metabolite of the nonconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, from biodiesel waste, has been studied. The selected strain Y. lipolytica VKM Y-2373 synthesized ICA with citric acid (CA) as a byproduct. This process can be regulated by changing cultivation conditions. The maximal production of ICA with the minimal formation of the byproduct was provided by the use of a concentration of (NH₄)₂SO₄ (6 g/L); the addition of biodiesel waste to cultivation medium in 20-60 g/L portions; maintaining the pH of the cultivation medium at 6, and degree of aeration between 25% and 60% of saturation. Itaconic acid at a concentration of 15 mM favorably influenced the production of ICA by the selected strain. The optimization of cultivation conditions allowed us to increase the concentration of ICA in the culture liquid from 58.32 to 90.2 g/L, the product yield (Y) by 40%, and the ICA/CA ratio from 1.1:1 to 3:1. Research on laboratory animals indicated that ICA counteracted the negative effect of ammonium molybdate (10^-5 М) and lead diacetate (10^-7 М) on the learning and spatial memory of rats, including those exposed to emotional stress.