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Related Concept Videos

DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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What is replication?

Brian A Nosek1,2, Timothy M Errington1

  • 1Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|March 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Replication is key to scientific credibility, but its common definition is flawed. A better approach views replication as any study providing diagnostic evidence, advancing theory through confrontation with new data.

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Area of Science:

  • Scientific methodology
  • Research integrity

Background:

  • Scientific credibility relies on replicability using new data.
  • The common definition of replication (repeating procedures) is insufficient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a more accurate definition of scientific replication.
  • To emphasize replication's role in advancing theory and scientific progress.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of the definition and purpose of replication.
  • Distinguishing between operational characteristics and outcome interpretation in replication studies.

Main Results:

  • The common definition of replication is incorrect.
  • A proposed definition: replication is any study providing diagnostic evidence for a claim.
  • This reframing shifts focus to outcome interpretation and theoretical advancement.

Conclusions:

  • Replication's true purpose is to advance theory by confronting existing understanding with new evidence.
  • Successful replication demonstrates generalizability; unsuccessful replication constrains finding reliability.
  • Defining replication as a confrontation of theoretical expectations clarifies its generative role in science.