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Related Concept Videos

Counterfactual Thinking01:19

Counterfactual Thinking

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Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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Magical Thinking01:29

Magical Thinking

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Magical thinking encompasses the belief in assumptions that defy logical reasoning yet appear intuitively convincing. It is a common psychological phenomenon that persists across various cultural and individual contexts. While these assumptions contradict empirical evidence and scientific laws, they often serve meaningful psychological roles in promoting emotional resilience and a sense of control, especially under stress or uncertainty.Thought-Action Fusion and the Law of SimilarityA key...
147
Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

519
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
519
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

415
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis
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Correction: Improving Physical Task Performance with Counterfactual and Prefactual Thinking.

Cecilia Hammell, Amy Y C Chan

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    |March 29, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study corrects a previously published article DOI. The correction ensures accurate citation and referencing for future research in the field.

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    Area of Science:

    • Scientific publishing
    • Scholarly communication
    • Research integrity

    Context:

    • Ensuring accuracy in scientific literature is crucial for reliable research.
    • Proper citation and referencing are fundamental to academic integrity.
    • Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are essential for locating and accessing scholarly articles.

    Purpose:

    • To correct an error in the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) of a published article.
    • To ensure the DOI accurately links to the intended research paper.
    • To maintain the integrity and retrievability of scientific records.

    Summary:

    • A correction has been issued for the DOI of a specific scientific article.
    • The previous DOI was incorrect and has been updated to the correct one.
    • This ensures researchers can accurately find and cite the article.

    Impact:

    • Improves the accuracy of scientific databases and citation indexes.
    • Facilitates correct retrieval of the research article by the scientific community.
    • Upholds the standards of scholarly communication and research transparency.