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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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N-Back Task Training Helps to Improve Post-error Performance.

Qing Li1, Quanshan Long1, Na Hu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|March 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory (WM) training improved WM performance and reduced post-error slowing (PES) in a new task. This suggests WM training enhances cognitive control, benefiting performance after errors.

Keywords:
n-back taskpost-error performancepost-error slowingtransferworking memory training

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) training is hypothesized to improve cognitive functions beyond WM capacity.
  • Shared neural processes between WM and error monitoring suggest potential transfer effects.
  • Previous research indicates WM training may enhance the self-regulation of cognitive processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transfer effects of WM training on post-error performance.
  • To examine if WM training influences post-error slowing (PES) and accuracy.
  • To explore the relationship between WM improvement and changes in post-error processing.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (N=40) were randomly assigned to a 15-day WM training group or a control group.
  • WM performance was assessed using the n-back task.
  • Post-error performance, including PES and accuracy, was measured during the n-back and a visual search task.

Main Results:

  • WM training significantly improved WM performance in the training group.
  • The WM training group exhibited a significant reduction in post-error slowing (PES) compared to the control group.
  • No significant effects of WM training were observed on post-error accuracy or the flanker effect.

Conclusions:

  • WM training enhances cognitive control, specifically improving performance following errors by reducing post-error slowing.
  • The ability to control information flow, honed during WM training, appears transferable to tasks involving error monitoring.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying post-error adjustments and the broader transferability of WM training.