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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Chromatin regulation and dynamics in stem cells.

David C Klein1, Sarah J Hainer1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|March 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Chromatin structure in embryonic stem (ES) cells is crucial for maintaining self-renewal and pluripotency. Precise regulation by various factors ensures proper cell development, while disruptions can harm the organism.

Keywords:
Bivalent promotersChromatin remodelersGene expressionGenome organizationHistone chaperonesPluripotencyTranscriptionTranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • DNA in eukaryotes is compacted into chromatin within the nucleus.
  • Chromatin structure modulation is key for regulating gene expression and cell fate.
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells possess unique chromatin organization essential for self-renewal and pluripotency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of chromatin regulation in ES cells.
  • To understand how specific chromatin organization preserves ES cell characteristics.
  • To highlight the consequences of chromatin regulatory factor dysregulation in development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nucleosome remodelers.
  • Study of histone variants.
  • Investigation of epigenetic marks and other chromatin regulatory factors.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous factors contributing to ES cell chromatin regulation.
  • Demonstrated the dynamic nature of these regulatory factors.
  • Established the link between precise chromatin state and ES cell maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • Specific chromatin organization is vital for ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency.
  • A complex interplay of regulatory factors defines the ES cell chromatin state.
  • Dysregulation of chromatin factors poses a threat to organismal survival and fitness.