Deciphering novel chemotherapy and its impact on dentistry

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pharmacology
• Oral Medicine

Background:

• The number of targeted therapies (TTs) for cancer has significantly increased.
• TTs target specific molecular pathways, offering improved efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy.
• Patients receiving TTs are increasingly common in dental settings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of currently available targeted therapies.
• To summarize their mechanisms of action, indications, and identification.
• To highlight the dental implications of these novel cancer treatments.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of targeted therapies in cancer treatment.
• Categorization of TTs including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and others.
• Discussion of dental implications such as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Main Results:

• TTs represent a growing class of cancer therapeutics with diverse mechanisms.
• Key TT classes include monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and pathway inhibitors.
• Potential dental adverse effects include osteonecrosis, delayed healing, immunosuppression, and thrombocytopenia.

Conclusions:

• Oral healthcare providers need awareness of TTs to manage potential dental complications.
• Understanding TTs is crucial for patient safety and effective dental care in oncology patients.
• Proactive dental management can mitigate risks associated with targeted cancer therapies.