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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.1K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.6K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.6K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

127.1K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
127.1K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

85.6K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
85.6K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

48.3K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
48.3K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.4K

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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Polyanion-type cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.

Ting Jin1, Huangxu Li, Kunjie Zhu

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCast), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. jiaolf@nankai.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|March 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyanion-type materials offer superior stability and safety for room-temperature sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This review highlights their progress and challenges, focusing on phosphates, sulfates, and silicates for energy storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Room-temperature sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are crucial for large-scale energy storage due to abundant sodium resources.
  • Layered transition-metal oxides face limitations like low voltage and instability, making polyanion-type materials more attractive.
  • Polyanion materials offer higher operating potentials, structural stability, and safety due to strong covalent bonds and robust frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the recent advancements in polyanion-type cathode materials for SIBs.
  • To discuss various classes of polyanion materials, including phosphates, fluorophosphates, pyrophosphates, mixed phosphates, sulfates, and silicates.
  • To identify current challenges and propose strategies for the development of polyanion-type materials for SIBs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent progress in polyanion-type cathode materials for SIBs.
  • Analysis of material properties, including operating potentials, structural stability, and safety aspects.
  • Discussion of challenges such as low electronic conductivity and limited capacity.

Main Results:

  • Polyanion-type materials demonstrate higher operating potentials and improved cycle stability compared to layered oxides.
  • The robust framework and strong X-O covalent bonds in polyanions enhance safety by inhibiting oxygen evolution.
  • Despite advantages, low electronic conductivity and limited capacity remain key challenges for polyanion materials.

Conclusions:

  • Polyanion-type materials are promising cathode candidates for SIBs, offering enhanced safety and stability.
  • Further research is needed to address limitations in electronic conductivity and capacity for practical applications.
  • This review provides insights into developing advanced polyanionic materials for efficient sodium-ion energy storage.