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Multiple Comparison Tests

Multiple Comparison Tests

Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...

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Identifying the guilty word: Simultaneous versus sequential lineups for DRM word lists.

Jason R Finley¹, John T Wixted², Henry L Roediger³

¹Department of Biological and Behavioral Sciences, Fontbonne University, 6800 Wydown Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA. jfinley@fontbonne.edu.

Memory & Cognition

|March 31, 2020

Summary

Simultaneous lineups improve eyewitness memory discriminability over sequential lineups. This study adapted recognition memory tasks to test lineup formats, finding simultaneous presentation superior for distinguishing targets from similar distractors.

Keywords:

DRM Eyewitness memory Methodology ROC Word recognition

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Eyewitness Identification
Memory Research

Background:

Eyewitness identification research traditionally compares simultaneous and sequential lineups.
Standard experiments require large samples due to single-test limitations.
Recognition memory tasks offer an alternative methodology for testing lineup theories.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether simultaneous or sequential lineup formats enhance discriminability in recognition memory tasks.
To adapt traditional eyewitness identification paradigms to a more efficient experimental design.
To compare performance using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses.

Main Methods:

Two experiments utilized Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) word lists for studying.
Participants were tested using simulated lineups (simultaneous or sequential presentation).
Lineups included studied words (targets), related unstudied words (fillers), and critical lures.

Main Results:

ROC analyses indicated superior discriminability with the simultaneous lineup format.
This advantage was consistent regardless of the presence of critical lures in the lineup.
Sequential lineups showed comparatively lower discriminability performance.

Conclusions:

Simultaneous lineup presentation generally leads to better discriminability in recognition memory tasks compared to sequential presentation.
Recognition memory tasks provide a viable and efficient method for studying lineup effects.
Findings have implications for optimizing eyewitness identification procedures.