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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Fluid Dynamics
    • Surface Science

    Background:

    • Bubbles at fluid interfaces exhibit complex optical phenomena.
    • Understanding these phenomena is crucial for applications in light manipulation and imaging.
    • Previous studies have not fully characterized the optical properties of bubble-based refractive objects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the optical properties of bubble axicons.
    • To investigate their relationship with conventional axicons.
    • To explore associated optical effects like the shadow-sausage effect and caustics.

    Main Methods:

    • Geometrical optics principles were primarily employed.
    • Analysis focused on light refraction through bubble structures at water-air interfaces.
    • Theoretical modeling and simulation were used to understand light propagation.

    Main Results:

    • Bubble axicons demonstrate unique light-bending capabilities.
    • A correlation between bubble axicons and traditional axicons was established.
    • The study elucidated the formation of optical catastrophes, specifically caustics, and the shadow-sausage effect.

    Conclusions:

    • Bubble axicons are novel optical elements with distinct refractive properties.
    • Their behavior is analogous to common axicons, offering new avenues for optical design.
    • The findings contribute to the understanding of light-matter interactions at curved interfaces.