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Cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infected individuals: Comparison with general adult control population in Greece

Giota Touloumi1, Natasa Kalpourtzi1, Vasileios Papastamopoulos2

  • 1Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Plos One
|April 1, 2020
PubMed

Insights

People living with HIV (PLHIV) face higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks despite lower obesity rates. Early screening and management of CVD risk factors are crucial for this population.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Combined antiretroviral therapy has improved HIV prognosis, but mortality remains elevated due to comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
  • Assessing CVD risk factors in people living with HIV (PLHIV) compared to the general population is essential for targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and its contributing factors in adult PLHIV compared to a general population control group in Greece.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study comparing PLHIV from the Athens-Multicenter-AIDS-Cohort-Study (AMACS) with controls from the National health examination survey (EMENO).
  • Ten-year CVD risk was calculated using Framingham (FRS) or Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) equations for 5839 PLHIV and 4820 controls, including measurements of blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and BMI.

Main Results:

  • PLHIV showed higher odds of current smoking and dyslipidemia, and lower odds of obesity compared to controls.
  • While differences in hypertension and diabetes were not initially significant, further adjustment revealed higher hypertension prevalence in PLHIV.
  • PLHIV had a greater odds of high 10-year fatal CVD risk (SCORE) despite similar high FRS risk.

Conclusions:

  • Despite lower obesity rates, PLHIV exhibit a higher prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors and an increased risk of fatal CVD compared to the general population.
  • Regular screening and prompt management of CVD risk factors are paramount for effective CVD prevention in PLHIV.
Abstract

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