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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

341
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
341
Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

316
Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
316
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
1.4K
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

291
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
291
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

222
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
222

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[Updated statement by the German Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology (GKJR) on the FDA's report regarding malignancies in anti-TNF-treated patients from Aug. 4, 2009].

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie·2010
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[Intestinal sarcoidosis--an unusual manifestation of a granulomatous systemic disease].

RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin·2009
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Exercise-induced hyperthermia in childhood: a case report and pilot study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
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[Infections with group A β-hemolytic streptococci and poststreptococcal sequelae].

R Keitzer1

  • 1Pädiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Pneumologie/Immunologie,Charité,Campus Virchow,Berlin, , , , DE.

Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Fur Kinderheilkunde
|April 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes common childhood infections, with rising rates of severe conditions like toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. Diagnosis uses reliable tests, but pathogenic persistence and vaccine development remain challenges.

Keywords:
Chorea minorGABSKeywords Streptococcal infectionsNecrotizing fasciitisPoststreptococcal glomerulonephritisPoststreptococcal reactive arthritisRheumatic feverStreptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS)

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABS) are a leading cause of bacterial infections in children.
  • Increasing frequency of severe GABS infections such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) and necrotizing fasciitis (NF).
  • NF can be severe in children, particularly when secondary to varicella infections.

Purpose:

  • To review the spectrum of GABS infections in children.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods and triggering factors for severe GABS infections.
  • To highlight neurological sequelae and current challenges in prevention and treatment.

Summary:

  • GABS infections range from common childhood illnesses to severe conditions like STSS and NF.
  • Diagnostic tools include immunological quick tests and PCR for pathogen identification and toxin analysis.
  • Severe manifestations include NF, rheumatic fever with cardiac involvement, chorea, PANDAS, and ADEM.
  • Penicillin remains effective, but pathogenic persistence is a concern.
  • A 26-valent vaccine is under development but faces controversy.

Impact:

  • Highlights the need for increased awareness and timely diagnosis of GABS infections in pediatric populations.
  • Informs clinicians about the diverse clinical presentations and potential neurological complications of GABS.
  • Emphasizes ongoing challenges in managing GABS infections, including treatment resistance and vaccine efficacy.