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Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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Current status and future development of solvent-based carbon capture.

Eni Oko¹, Meihong Wang¹, Atuman S Joel²

¹1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD UK.

International Journal of Coal Science & Technology

|April 1, 2020

Summary

Solvent-based carbon capture is a leading technology for reducing power sector emissions. Despite successes, high costs and policy issues slow commercialization, necessitating research into new processes and solvents.

Keywords:

Chemical absorption Post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC)Process intensification Solvents

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Area of Science:

Chemical Engineering
Environmental Science
Energy Technology

Background:

Solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) is a mature technology for emission reduction in the power sector.
Global deployment in power plants and industries leverages R&D and acid gas removal expertise.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current status of solvent-based PCC, including commercial projects and solvent/process configurations.
To identify challenges hindering wider commercialization and explore future research directions.

Main Methods:

Review of commercial deployments and demonstration projects.
Analysis of various solvents and process configurations for PCC.
Discussion of research avenues for cost reduction.

Main Results:

PCC is commercially ready but faces slow adoption due to high costs and policy uncertainties.
Several high-profile projects have been canceled globally.
R&D has focused on process development and industrial acid gas removal.

Conclusions:

Despite its readiness, the commercialization of solvent-based PCC is hampered by significant cost burdens and policy instability.
Future research should focus on process intensification, novel solvent development, or a combination of both to reduce costs.