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Emerging Infectious Diseases: a Review.

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Emerging infectious diseases pose significant risks to human life and finances. Research priorities include monitoring, prevention, and treatment of high-risk pathogens like Nipah virus and MERS.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases cause substantial human and financial losses globally.
  • Human behavior is a primary driver for disease emergence, with zoonotic viral pathogens being most common.
  • Recent emerging diseases in the USA include Emergomyces canadensis, Heartland virus, and Bourbon virus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review concerning emerging infectious diseases, focusing on those identified as research priorities by the World Health Organization.
  • To highlight the significant mortality and financial costs associated with these pathogens.
  • To emphasize the need for focused research on monitoring, prevention, and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent concerning emerging infectious diseases.
  • Identification of pathogens categorized as research priorities by the World Health Organization.
  • Analysis of contributing factors, disease impact, and potential epidemic risks.

Main Results:

  • Emerging infectious diseases result in significant human and financial losses.
  • Zoonoses, particularly viral, are the most frequent type of emerging infection.
  • Specific diseases reviewed include SARS, MERS, Nipah virus, NDM-1 Enterobacteriaceae, Rift Valley Fever virus, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogens such as Nipah virus, MERS, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus present high epidemic potential, causing significant mortality and economic burden.
  • Continued research is crucial for effective monitoring, prevention, and treatment of these concerning infectious diseases.
  • Understanding the role of human behavior in disease emergence is vital for public health interventions.