Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers

Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers

β receptors are classified into three subclasses: β1, β2, and β3. β1 receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. When they get activated, they increase heart rate, contractility, and renin release. This process enhances blood pressure and aids in stress management. In contrast, β2 receptors are situated mainly in the lungs, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles. Upon activation, they trigger smooth muscle relaxation, causing bronchodilation and...

Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics

Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacokinetics

Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations, while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Systemic α₂-agonist use and lower hazard of glaucoma compared with β-blockers: a cohort study.

BMJ open ophthalmology·2026

Same author

PyOPV: An Open-Source Python Package for Ophthalmic Visual Field Data Management.

Journal of glaucoma·2026

Same author

Dual-Level Pattern Tree for Visual Field Improves Glaucoma Progression and Polygenic Risk Prediction.

Translational vision science & technology·2025

Same author

The Impact of Myopia on Regional Visual Field Loss and Progression in Glaucoma.

Translational vision science & technology·2025

Same author

Prevalence, Incidence, and Treatment Characteristics of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Among Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries.

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)·2025

Same author

Systemic Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Common Ophthalmic Diseases: A Scoping Review from A Clinical Standpoint.

Current ophthalmology reports·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Fixed-combination topical anti-hypertensive ophthalmic agents.

Lindsay Machen¹, Reza Razeghinejad¹, Jonathan S Myers¹

¹Glaucoma Service, Wills Eye Hospital , Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

|April 2, 2020

Summary

Fixed-combination glaucoma medications offer effective intraocular pressure reduction. These combination therapies improve patient compliance and reduce preservative exposure compared to using individual glaucoma drugs.

Keywords:

Drug combinations fixed-combination agents glaucoma therapy ocular hypertension

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology

Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology

Published on: May 31, 2024

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma

Published on: January 26, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Published on: March 12, 2016

Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology

Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology

Published on: May 31, 2024

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma

Published on: January 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Pharmacology

Background:

Fixed-combination glaucoma medications are widely used in treating ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
These combination therapies represent a significant advancement in treatment paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of fixed-combination glaucoma medications.
To educate healthcare providers on optimal patient care strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of fixed-combination agents' composition and mechanism of action.
Analysis of efficacy, side effects, and safety profiles.
Comparison of frequently prescribed fixed-combination medications.

Main Results:

Fixed-combination therapeutics effectively lower intraocular pressure.
Outcomes and side effects are comparable to individual drug components.
Improved patient compliance and reduced preservative exposure were noted.

Conclusions:

Fixed-combination medications offer an efficient treatment for lowering intraocular pressure.
These agents provide benefits in terms of compliance and preservative exposure.
The review aids providers in optimizing patient care for glaucoma and ocular hypertension.