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Consider a string of christmas lights, each bulb symbolizing an impedance element. In this series configuration, the flow of electric current remains uniform across every component. This behavior aligns with Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL), which asserts that the total impedance in such a setup equals the sum of individual impedances—akin to resistors in series. It follows that the voltage from the power source is distributed proportionally among these components, adhering to the voltage...
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Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
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In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver
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An Impedance-Loaded Orthogonal Frequency-Coded SAW Sensor for Passive Wireless Sensor Networks.

Xuan Dai1, Lili Fang1, Chuanfang Zhang1

  • 1School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a passive wireless sensor using orthogonal frequency-coded surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. This flexible sensor enables large-scale wireless networks by accurately measuring various physical quantities.

Keywords:
impedance-loadedorthogonal frequency codedpassive wireless sensorstructural health monitoringsurface acoustic wave

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Area of Science:

  • Sensor Technology
  • Wireless Communication
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices offer sensitive transduction.
  • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) require scalable and passive sensing solutions.
  • Existing SAW sensors face challenges with multiple measurand interference and limited scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel passive wireless impedance-loaded orthogonal frequency-coded (OFC) SAW sensor.
  • To enable simultaneous sensing of multiple parameters in WSNs.
  • To enhance sensor flexibility and scalability for large-scale applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an OFC SAW tag with an external sensor interface.
  • Isolation of the SAW device from direct measurand effects via packaging.
  • Application of an extended matched filter algorithm for signal processing.
  • Orthogonal frequency coding for simultaneous sensor operation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated phase shift in SAW response directly correlates with sensed quantities (temperature, strain, etc.).
  • Successful isolation of individual sensor signals from superimposed responses.
  • Validation of the sensor's effectiveness through simulations and experiments.
  • Achieved a more flexible and scalable passive wireless sensing solution.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed OFC SAW sensor effectively measures various physical quantities wirelessly and passively.
  • The technology is suitable for large-scale wireless sensor networks due to its scalability and interference mitigation.
  • This approach offers a significant advancement over previous methods for passive wireless sensing.