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Persistent Calyxes in Postbloom Fruit Drop: A Microscopy and Microanalysis Perspective.

João Paulo Rodrigues Marques1, Marcel Bellato Spósito2, Lilian Amorim2

  • 1Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-970, Brazil.

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|April 2, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Citrus postbloom fruit drop disease causes young fruit to abscise, leaving calyxes attached. Microanalysis reveals thickened cell walls and calcium accumulation in persistent calyxes, not fungal infection.

Keywords:
calcium oxalate crystalscitrusfungal diseasestarchµ-XRF

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Plant Anatomy
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Citrus postbloom fruit drop, caused by *Colletotrichum* spp., is a significant disease in the Americas.
  • The disease leads to flower infection, petal lesions, and young fruit abscission, with persistent calyxes observed.
  • Previous studies lacked anatomical and microanalytical data on calyx retention mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomical and microanalytical basis of calyx persistence after fruit drop in citrus.
  • To determine if *Colletotrichum* spp. infects calyx tissues.
  • To elucidate the cellular and chemical factors contributing to calyx retention.

Main Methods:

  • Light microscopy was used to examine the ovary abscission zone and protective layers.
  • X-ray fluorescence microanalysis (µ-XRF) was employed to analyze elemental composition, specifically calcium.
  • Comparative analysis was performed between diseased and non-inoculated citrus flowers.

Main Results:

  • The ovary abscission zone shows cell wall thickening, indicating cell wall disruption during abscission.
  • Protective zones (PZ) feature suberized cell walls, and underlying cells accumulate starch.
  • µ-XRF detected increased calcium in the receptacle of persistent calyxes; hypertrophied cells with thick walls were noted in the peduncle and receptacle.

Conclusions:

  • Calyx retention is not due to fungal infection within the calyx tissues.
  • Cellular changes, including thickened lignified walls and suberized protective layers, alongside calcium accumulation in the receptacle, likely contribute to calyx persistence.
  • The findings provide insights into the anatomical and biochemical mechanisms underlying citrus fruit drop pathology.