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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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The genetics of evolutionary radiations.

Yamama Naciri1, H Peter Linder2

  • 1Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant biology of the University of Geneva, 1 Chemin de l'Impératrice, CH-1292, Chambésy, Geneva, Switzerland.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|April 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary radiations are explained by population genetic structure and trait genetic architecture. This model highlights how genetic diversity arises and drives speciation in new environments.

Keywords:
adaptive radiationdriftepigeneticsepistasisgenetic diversificationkey environmentsmetapopulationsspeciation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Speciation Research

Background:

  • Biological diversity arises from evolutionary radiations.
  • Research increasingly focuses on biotic and abiotic factors driving these radiations.
  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of radiation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a model explaining evolutionary radiations based on population genetic structure and trait genetic architecture.
  • To explore mechanisms facilitating genetic diversification in new adaptive zones.
  • To identify factors influencing the success and patterns of evolutionary radiations.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a verbal model for evolutionary radiation stages.
  • Exploration of genetic mechanisms: epigenetics, transposable elements, genetic drift, gene flow limitation (IBD, isolation by ecology/colonization), intra-specific competition, admixture, and hybridization.
  • Review of existing data to corroborate model predictions.

Main Results:

  • Model predictions are largely corroborated by empirical data.
  • Complex adaptive zones, small population sizes, genetic drift, and divergent selection facilitate radiations.
  • Polyploidy and small genome sizes are common in radiating lineages, especially after long-distance dispersal.
  • Epigenetics, small gene flow distances, and large ancestral niches remain less tested aspects.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary radiations are influenced by population genetics and genetic architecture.
  • Speciation during radiations can be rapid and obscured by hybridization, leading to 'hard polytomies'.
  • Only lineages with suitable genetic architectures in metapopulation environments are likely to radiate.
  • Genetic architecture is a key determinant of a lineage's capacity to radiate.