Polyphenols from grape pomace induce osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Stem Cell Biology
• Periodontology

Background:

• Polyphenols are being explored for periodontitis treatment and dental biomaterials.
• Grape pomace is a rich source of beneficial polyphenols.

Purpose of the Study:

• Characterize polyphenols in grape pomace extracts.
• Investigate the effect of these extracts on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation.

Main Methods:

• Solid-liquid extraction to obtain polyphenols from red and white grape pomace.
• High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector for polyphenol characterization.
• Culturing human bone marrow-derived MSCs with grape pomace extracts (10 or 20 µg/ml).
• Evaluating gene expression changes related to osteogenic differentiation using RT-qPCR.

Main Results:

• Both red and white grape pomace extracts altered hMSC gene expression.
• A decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio was observed.
• Enhanced expression of osteoblast differentiation genes indicated a shift towards osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusions:

• Grape pomace polyphenols promote MSC osteogenic differentiation.
• These extracts show promise as active molecules for dental biomaterials.
• Potential applications include bone regeneration for periodontal defects.