[Main concepts and approaches in total hip prosthesis].

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• Total hip prostheses (THP) aim to restore hip joint function using acetabular cups and femoral stems.
• Variations exist in femoral stem design and fixation techniques (cemented vs. cementless).
• Different femoral head sizes and bearing materials are employed, alongside specialized implants for complex cases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the main concepts and surgical approaches in total hip replacement.
• To compare cemented versus cementless fixation methods for femoral stems.
• To evaluate the outcomes of anterior versus posterior surgical approaches.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on total hip prosthesis design and surgical techniques.
• Analysis of comparative studies on cemented and cementless femoral stems.
• Examination of data on anterior and posterior hip approaches.

Main Results:

• Acetabular cup geometry is largely standardized, while femoral stems exhibit significant design diversity.
• Neither cemented nor cementless fixation has demonstrated clear long-term superiority.
• No significant difference in long-term functional outcomes has been observed between anterior and posterior hip approaches.

Conclusions:

• Total hip prosthesis design involves critical choices in femoral stem type and fixation.
• Surgical approach selection should prioritize surgeon expertise and patient needs.
• Current evidence does not favor one surgical approach over the other for long-term functional results.