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Effects of strawberry intervention on cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Qi Gao1, Li-Qiang Qin2, Ahmed Arafa1,3
1Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
Insights
Strawberry consumption significantly reduces C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. It may also improve total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol in individuals with elevated baseline levels, according to this meta-analysis.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Cardiovascular Health
- Dietary Interventions
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality globally.
- Dietary factors play a crucial role in modulating cardiovascular risk.
- Strawberries are rich in antioxidants and have been investigated for their health benefits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
- To evaluate the impact of strawberry interventions on various cardiovascular risk factors.
- To identify specific subgroups that may benefit most from strawberry consumption.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.
- Inclusion of eleven RCTs examining endpoints like blood pressure, lipid profiles, fasting glucose, and inflammatory markers.
- Pooled analysis using random- or fixed-effects models, with subgroup analyses based on baseline levels.
Main Results:
- Strawberry interventions significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.
- No significant effects were observed on blood pressure, overall lipid profile, or fasting blood glucose.
- Subgroup analysis revealed significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC) for individuals with baseline TC >5 mmol/l.
- Significant reductions in LDL-cholesterol were observed for individuals with baseline LDL-cholesterol >3 mmol/l.
Conclusions:
- Strawberry consumption effectively reduces CRP levels.
- Strawberry interventions show potential benefits for improving TC and LDL-cholesterol in individuals with high baseline levels.
- Further research may elucidate optimal intake and specific populations benefiting from strawberry consumption for cardiovascular health.
Abstract:
We conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) to examine the effects of strawberry interventions on cardiovascular risk factors. We searched multiple databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus to identify eligible studies published before 19 May 2019. The endpoints were blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TAG, fasting blood glucose, endothelial function and inflammatory factors. Pooled analyses were performed using random- or fixed-effects models according to a heterogeneity test. We also conducted sub-group analyses by baseline endpoint levels. We included eleven RCT in this meta-analysis (six for blood pressure, seven for lipid profile, seven for fasting blood glucose and six for C-reactive protein (CRP)). Overall, the strawberry interventions significantly reduced CRP levels by 0·63 (95 % CI -1·04, -0·22) mg/l but did not affect blood pressure, lipid profile or fasting blood glucose in the main analyses. Our analysis stratified by baseline endpoint levels showed the strawberry interventions significantly reduced TC among people with baseline levels >5 mmol/l (-0·52 (95 % CI -0·88, -0·15) mmol/l) and reduced LDL-cholesterol among people with baseline levels >3 mmol/l (-0·31 (95 % CI -0·60, -0·02) mmol/l). There was little evidence of heterogeneity in the analysis and no evidence of publication bias. In summary, strawberry interventions significantly reduced CRP levels and may improve TC and LDL-cholesterol in individuals with high baseline levels.
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