Pathology, diagnostics, and classification of medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common CNS embryonal tumor. While the overall cure rate is around 70%, patients with high-risk disease continue to have poor outcome and experience long-term morbidity. MB is among the tumors for which diagnosis, risk stratification, and clinical management has shown the most rapid advancement. These advances are largely due to technological improvements in diagnosis and risk stratification which now integrate histomorphologic classification and molecular classification. MB stands as a prototype for other solid tumors in how to effectively integrate morphology and genomic data to stratify clinicopathologic risk and aid design of innovative clinical trials for precision medicine. This review explores the current diagnostic and classification of MB in modern neuropathology laboratories.