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How to better predict long-term benefits and risks in weed biocontrol: an evolutionary perspective
Heinz Müller-Schärer1, Sarah Bouchemousse1, Maria Litto1
1Dep. Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Current Opinion in Insect Science
|April 3, 2020
Summary
Predicting weed biocontrol agent evolution is key for safety and efficiency. New methods combine genetic tools and behavior studies to assess risks before introducing agents like the chrysomelid beetle for common ragweed control.
Area of Science:
- Ecology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Agricultural Science
Background:
- Classical biological weed control offers efficiency and safety.
- Further improvements are needed, especially regarding post-introduction evolutionary changes in biocontrol agents.
- Limited evidence currently exists on the evolutionary dynamics of introduced weed biocontrol agents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss evidence of post-introduction evolution in weed biocontrol.
- To describe novel approaches for predicting evolutionary change in biocontrol agents.
- To assess the potential benefits and risks of biocontrol agents more accurately before importation.
Main Methods:
- Reviewing existing evidence on post-introduction evolution.
- Utilizing experimental evolution studies over multiple generations.
- Integrating 'omics' tools (genomics, transcriptomics, etc.) with behavioral bioassays.
- Case study using a chrysomelid beetle for invasive common ragweed control.
Main Results:
- Experimental evolution studies combined with -omics and bioassays offer a novel approach to explore rapid evolutionary change.
- This approach allows for real-time assessment of an agent's evolutionary potential.
- The study outlines how this method can improve risk-benefit analyses for biocontrol agents.
Conclusions:
- Predicting and understanding evolutionary changes in biocontrol agents is crucial for enhancing the efficiency and safety of weed biological control.
- Novel experimental approaches integrating advanced molecular tools and behavioral assays can provide real-time insights into evolutionary trajectories.
- This predictive framework can lead to more informed decisions regarding the importation and deployment of biocontrol agents, optimizing outcomes for invasive species management.
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