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Invasive plants like Conyza canadensis can worsen invasions through "invasional meltdown," especially with increased soil nutrients. This study shows invaders thrive while natives decline under these conditions.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology
  • Plant Community Dynamics

Background:

  • Invasive species can facilitate the establishment of other non-native plants, a phenomenon termed "invasional meltdown."
  • Increased soil nutrient availability often favors invasive species but its role in invasional meltdown is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how nutrient supply and fluctuation affect the interactions between the invasive plant Conyza canadensis and other exotic and native plant species.
  • To determine if nutrient enrichment exacerbates invasional meltdown and native species suppression.

Main Methods:

  • A mesocosm experiment was conducted using eight exotic and eight native Eurasian plant species.
  • Plants were exposed to varying densities of the invasive Conyza canadensis under controlled nutrient supply (high vs. low) and fluctuation (stable vs. fluctuating).

Main Results:

  • Increasing densities of Conyza canadensis intensified competition against native species and facilitation of other exotic species.
  • High and fluctuating nutrient levels amplified the negative effects on native species and the positive effects on other exotics.
  • Exotic species demonstrated a significant advantage over native species under high nutrient conditions with increased Conyza canadensis density.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient enrichment and fluctuation can drive invasional meltdown by favoring exotic species over natives.
  • The study proposes the "Resource-driven Invasional Meltdown and Inhibition of Natives" hypothesis.
  • Biotic acceleration of resource availability by invasive species can promote further invasions and suppress native flora.