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Related Concept Videos

Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Acromioclavicular Joint: What to Look for.

Terence Patrick Farrell1, Adam Zoga2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, 132 South 10th Street, 10 Main, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America
|April 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) pathology causes shoulder pain and can be diagnosed using MR imaging. Understanding ACJ anatomy and biomechanics is key for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Keywords:
Acromioclavicular jointMR imagingRockwood classificationShoulder girdle

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) pathology is a frequent cause of shoulder girdle pain.
  • It often coexists with rotator cuff and glenohumeral lesions, presenting overlapping clinical features.
  • Trauma and osteoarthritis are common ACJ pathologies, but diverse conditions can affect the joint.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of MR imaging in diagnosing ACJ pathology.
  • To emphasize the role of MR imaging in assessing ACJ injuries for precise treatment planning.
  • To underscore the necessity of understanding ACJ anatomy, biomechanics, and pathology for accurate MR interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ACJ pathologies and their clinical presentations.
  • Discussion of the utility of MR imaging in ACJ evaluation.
  • Emphasis on the integration of anatomical and biomechanical knowledge for diagnostic accuracy.

Main Results:

  • MR imaging is a valuable tool for early ACJ pathology detection.
  • It aids in accurately assessing ACJ injuries, resolving complex clinical cases.
  • Knowledge of ACJ fundamentals improves the clinical relevance of MR imaging reports.

Conclusions:

  • MR imaging is crucial for diagnosing and managing ACJ pathologies.
  • A comprehensive understanding of ACJ structure and function enhances diagnostic capabilities.
  • Accurate MR interpretation facilitates individualized patient treatment strategies.