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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

498
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
498
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

377
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
377
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

362
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
362
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

505
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
505
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

380
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
380
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

444
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
444

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Clinical update on pulmonary hypertension.

Salim Yaghi1, Anastasia Novikov1, Theo Trandafirescu2

  • 1Queens Hospital Center, Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Queens, New York, USA.

Journal of Investigative Medicine : the Official Publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
|April 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) management requires a multidisciplinary approach and early diagnosis. Specialized PH centers and individual risk stratification are crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
hypertension, pulmonaryphosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex chronic disease.
  • Treatment advances primarily benefit pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
  • Current guidelines emphasize diagnosis and risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on pulmonary hypertension management.
  • Incorporate European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society 2015 guidelines.
  • Integrate recommendations from the Sixth World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review based on established guidelines.
  • WHO classification of PH into five groups.
  • Emphasis on echocardiography and right heart catheterization.

Main Results:

  • Echocardiography is the initial diagnostic test.
  • Right heart catheterization is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment guidance.
  • Multidisciplinary care and specialized PH centers improve outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • PH treatment is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Individual risk stratification guides treatment selection.
  • Early diagnosis and referral to specialized centers are critical for timely treatment and better prognosis.