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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Resonantly Driven Singlet-Triplet Spin Qubit in Silicon.

K Takeda1, A Noiri1, J Yoneda1

  • 1Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|April 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

We developed a silicon singlet-triplet spin qubit with high fidelity. This advancement in quantum computing utilizes resonant drive for precise control and achieves the highest reported fidelity for such qubits.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Singlet-triplet spin qubits are promising candidates for quantum computation.
  • Achieving high fidelity and long coherence times is crucial for scalable quantum computers.
  • Silicon offers a promising platform due to its mature fabrication technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and characterize a resonantly driven singlet-triplet spin qubit in silicon.
  • To demonstrate universal quantum control over the qubit.
  • To achieve high single-gate fidelity and long coherence times.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a two-electron singlet-triplet spin qubit in silicon.
  • Utilizing resonant drive of the exchange interaction for qubit control.
  • Employing randomized benchmarking to assess gate fidelity.
  • Leveraging a large micromagnet Zeeman field gradient for reduced charge noise.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a resonantly driven singlet-triplet spin qubit in silicon.
  • Achieved a qubit coherence time (T_{2}^{*}) exceeding 1 μs, limited by nuclear spin dephasing.
  • Obtained a single-gate fidelity of 99.6% via randomized benchmarking.
  • This represents the highest fidelity reported for singlet-triplet qubits to date.

Conclusions:

  • The implemented silicon singlet-triplet qubit shows excellent performance with high fidelity and long coherence.
  • Resonant drive provides effective universal quantum control.
  • Silicon is a viable platform for high-fidelity spin qubits, paving the way for quantum computing.