Do Foliar Endophytes Matter in Litter Decomposition?

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Mycology
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Litter decomposition is a crucial ecosystem process influenced by abiotic and biotic factors.
• Fungal endophytes residing within host plant tissues are recognized as significant biotic factors affecting decomposition.
• Understanding the specific roles of foliar endophytes is essential for accurate ecological modeling.

Purpose of the Study:

• To broadly analyze the findings of 67 studies on the roles of foliar endophytes in litter decomposition.
• To compile a comprehensive table of leaf-associated fungal taxa and their characteristics.
• To assess the representation of aquatic decomposition studies and identify climate and host-specific associations of fungal endophytes.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 67 studies.
• Compilation of a database of 710 leaf-associated fungal taxa, detailing tissue association, endophytic/epiphytic status, and saprophytic abilities.
• Indicator species analyses to identify climate and host plant associations.

Main Results:

• Foliar fungal endophytes significantly impact litter decomposition rates.
• A comprehensive table of 710 fungal taxa was created, detailing their ecological roles.
• Aquatic decomposition studies involving endophyte-affected litter were found to be significantly under-represented.
• Specific fungal endophyte groups showed significant associations with climate (cool/tropical) and plant host genera.

Conclusions:

• Host plant and fungal endophyte interactions are critical determinants of litter decomposition rates.
• These interactions must be considered in both terrestrial and aquatic decomposition experiments for robust interpretations.
• Further research is needed to address the under-representation of aquatic decomposition studies.