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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Published on: January 22, 2021

Multicenter flow cytometry proficiency testing of canine blood and lymph node samples.

Kristina Meichner¹, Tracy Stokol², Jaime Tarigo¹

¹Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.

Veterinary Clinical Pathology

|April 5, 2020

Summary

Veterinary flow cytometry (FC) shows strong agreement for sample interpretation but variable results for specific diagnoses. Standardization is needed to improve accuracy in hematolymphoid neoplasia classification.

Keywords:

assay performance dog external laboratory quality assessment immunophenotyping

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Hematology
Immunophenotyping
Diagnostic Cytology

Background:

Flow cytometry (FC) is increasingly utilized in veterinary medicine for hematolymphoid cell characterization.
Limited guidelines exist for optimizing FC assays and interpreting results in veterinary diagnostics.
Inter-laboratory concordance of FC findings in veterinary samples is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess inter-investigator agreement on flow cytometry (FC) results from split samples analyzed across different veterinary laboratories.
To evaluate agreement on the interpretation of archived flow cytometry standard (FCS) data files.
To identify variability in FC interpretation for veterinary hematolymphoid cell analysis.

Main Methods:

A multicenter observational cross-sectional study involving nine client-owned dogs' samples (blood/lymph node aspirates).
Samples were analyzed using diverse laboratory-developed protocols, cytometers, and software.
Archived FCS data files from 11 additional dogs were interpreted by participating investigators.

Main Results:

Overall agreement on FC sample interpretation was strong (κ = 0.86).
Agreement varied by category, ranging from moderate to perfect for fresh samples.
Interpretation agreement for lymphoproliferation or leukocyte categories from FCS files was weaker (κ = 0.58).

Conclusions:

Flow cytometry effectively identifies lymphoproliferations in veterinary samples.
Consistent identification of hematolymphoid neoplasia categories was variable across fresh samples and archived files.
Standardization of flow cytometry protocols and interpretation is crucial for veterinary diagnostics.