Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

1.7K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
1.7K
Prodrugs01:30

Prodrugs

3.7K
Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...
3.7K
Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

1.1K
Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
1.1K
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

403
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
403
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

5.4K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
5.4K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

505
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
505

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structure-Property Relationship Analysis of α-Keto Ester Prodrugs of Monomethyl Fumarate as NRF2 Activators.

ACS chemical neuroscience·2026
Same author

Coupling of Engineered High Entropy Alloys with Semiconducting TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanofilms for Scalable and Ultrafast Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Defines Ligand-Induced Conformational Changes to the Class III Biotin Protein Ligase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2025
Same author

N-cadherin mechanosensing in ovarian follicles controls oocyte maturation and ovulation.

eLife·2025
Same author

Titania Nanopores as Photoelectrocatalysts for Coupling Hydrogen Production with Plastic Reformation.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Machine-Learning Approach to Increase the Potency and Overcome the Hemolytic Toxicity of Gramicidin S.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Tracking Hypoxic Signaling within Encapsulated Cell Aggregates
09:14

Tracking Hypoxic Signaling within Encapsulated Cell Aggregates

Published on: December 16, 2011

10.9K

A hypoxia-activated antibacterial prodrug.

Yuan Qi Yeoh1, John R Horsley1, Steven W Polyak2

  • 1ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
|April 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a prodrug targeting Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The prodrug, activated by reductants, showed antibacterial activity, demonstrating a novel approach for selective bacterial infection treatment.

Keywords:
AntibacterialE. coliHypoxia-activatedProdrugS. aureus

More Related Videos

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
07:01

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture

Published on: August 12, 2011

86.0K
Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

18.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Tracking Hypoxic Signaling within Encapsulated Cell Aggregates
09:14

Tracking Hypoxic Signaling within Encapsulated Cell Aggregates

Published on: December 16, 2011

10.9K
Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
07:01

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture

Published on: August 12, 2011

86.0K
Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

18.6K

Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health concern.
  • Targeted drug delivery systems are crucial for effective antibacterial therapy.
  • Prodrug strategies can enhance drug specificity and reduce side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel prodrug targeting specific bacterial pathogens.
  • To investigate the activation mechanism of the prodrug under reductive conditions.
  • To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the prodrug against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a prodrug by masking amine groups of a known antibacterial compound with 4-nitrobenzyl carbamates.
  • Activation of the prodrug using tin(II) chloride as a model reductant.
  • Assessment of antibacterial activity through standard susceptibility assays.

Main Results:

  • The prodrug was successfully synthesized and activated under reductive conditions.
  • The activated prodrug demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
  • The inactive prodrug highlights the importance of the activation step for bioactivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed prodrug effectively targets and inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
  • Reductive activation is a viable strategy for liberating the active antibacterial agent.
  • This prodrug approach holds potential for developing new therapeutics against bacterial infections.