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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Progress and Challenges.

Amy J Petty1, Lauren Floyd2, Christopher Henderson2

  • 1School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|April 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review updates knowledge on cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), detailing its diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatments. New biologics show promise for this complex skin condition.

Keywords:
Cutaneous lupus erythematosusDrug-induced lupus erythematosusManagementSystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) presents diagnostic challenges, requiring differentiation from systemic lupus erythematosus with cutaneous manifestations.
  • Understanding CLE's pathogenesis involves exploring genetic variations, environmental triggers, and immunologic dysfunctions.
  • Drug induction is increasingly recognized as a significant trigger for CLE development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive update on the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE).
  • To highlight recent advancements in understanding CLE's complex nature and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on CLE.
  • It examines diagnostic criteria, etiological factors, and therapeutic interventions, including novel biologic agents.

Main Results:

  • Recent research has elucidated genetic and environmental factors contributing to CLE pathogenesis.
  • Newer biologic therapies, including belimumab, rituximab, ustekinumab, anifrolumab, and BIIB059, demonstrate significant clinical efficacy in treating CLE.
  • Diagnostic classification of CLE requires further refinement based on integrated clinical, histological, and laboratory findings.

Conclusions:

  • CLE is a heterogeneous group of diseases requiring further research for precise classification within the lupus spectrum.
  • Enhanced understanding of CLE pathogenesis is crucial for developing more targeted and effective therapies.