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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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Quantitatively controllable fluid flows with ballpoint-pen-printed patterns for programmable photo-paper-based

Veasna Soum1, Sooyong Park, Albertus Ivan Brilian

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea. kwshin@sogang.ac.kr.

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Summary

Researchers developed a programmable photo-paper microfluidic device. By printing silver nanoparticle or PTFE patterns, they precisely controlled fluid flow for complex assays without external devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Microfluidic devices are crucial for analytical applications, requiring precise fluid flow control.
  • Current methods for fluid regulation in microfluidics can be complex and require auxiliary devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a programmable, paper-based microfluidic device for controlled fluid flow.
  • To demonstrate the use of surface patterns to modulate fluid dynamics in paper microchannels.
  • To enable complex, automated assays without external equipment.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a photo-paper-based microfluidic device using cutting, laminating, and printing techniques.
  • Printing hydrophilic silver nanoparticle (AgNP) patterns to increase fluid flow.
  • Printing hydrophobic poly[4,5-difluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene] (PTFE) patterns to decrease fluid flow.
  • Demonstration of glucose and methyl paraoxon (MPO) detection assays.

Main Results:

  • Achieved linear relationship between fluid flow distance and time in paper channels.
  • Increased fluid flow speed by up to 15 times using AgNP patterns.
  • Decreased fluid flow speed by a factor of 3 using PTFE patterns.
  • Successfully performed single-step glucose and multi-step MPO detection assays.

Conclusions:

  • The developed photo-paper microfluidic device offers programmable fluid control.
  • Surface modification with AgNP and PTFE patterns allows for precise modulation of flow rates.
  • This approach facilitates complex assays on paper-based platforms, reducing the need for external automation devices.